Nice, France: A Journey Through History, Culture, and Cuisine 🇫🇷🌊

Nice, the sun-drenched jewel of the Côte d’Azur, has enchanted travelers for millennia with its Mediterranean beauty, vibrant culture, and storied past. From its ancient Greek origins to its role as a playground for aristocrats and artists, Nice is a city where history and modern life blend seamlessly. In this guide, discover the fascinating history of Nice, explore its iconic old restaurants, and find tips for savoring the best of this Riviera classic.

Ancient Beginnings: Nikaia and Roman Cemenelum 🏺

Human presence in the Nice region dates back nearly 400,000 years, but the city’s story begins in the 4th century BC, when Greek settlers from Massalia founded Nikaia, named for Nike, the goddess of victory. This bustling trading outpost flourished, and the Romans later established their own city, Cemenelum (now Cimiez), complete with baths, an amphitheatre, and grand villas. Remnants of these ancient civilizations can still be explored in the Cimiez district today.25

Medieval Struggles and Savoyard Rule ⚔️

For centuries, Nice was caught between warring empires, suffering invasions by Goths, Saracens, and others. In 1388, the city placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy, beginning nearly five centuries of Savoyard rule.134 During this era, Nice’s old town (Vieux Nice) took shape, with winding alleys, colorful facades, and bustling markets that remain the city’s heart.

Becoming French: Revolution and the 19th Century 🇫🇷

Nice became part of France in 1792 during the French Revolution, but its allegiance shifted several times before the Treaty of Turin in 1860 made it permanently French.345 The 19th century brought prosperity, new boulevards, and the arrival of the British aristocracy, who wintered here for the mild climate. Their legacy lives on in the iconic Promenade des Anglais, the city’s famous seafront walkway.256

Belle Époque Splendor and Artistic Inspiration 🎨

The late 19th and early 20th centuries marked Nice’s golden age. Grand hotels, opulent villas, and the legendary Hotel Negresco rose along the seafront. Artists like Henri Matisse and Marc Chagall found inspiration in Nice’s light and colors, leaving behind world-class museums such as the Musée Matisse and Musée Marc Chagall.67

20th Century: War, Liberation, and Modern Glamour ✨

Nice endured hardship during World War II, serving as a refuge for those fleeing persecution and suffering bombings before its liberation in 1944.2 Postwar, the city blossomed into a cosmopolitan destination, hosting the world’s first jazz festival in 1948 and welcoming travelers from all walks of life.12

Vieux Nice: The Soul of the City 🏘️

Today, Vieux Nice (Old Town) is a maze of narrow streets, pastel buildings, and lively squares. Here you’ll find the Nice Cathedral, bustling markets, and some of the city’s oldest and most atmospheric restaurants.

Historic Restaurants in Old Nice 🍽️

• La Petite Maison – A legendary spot for Niçoise cuisine, beloved by locals and celebrities alike.
• Le Safari – An institution on Cours Saleya, serving traditional dishes since 1946.
• Chez Acchiardo – Family-run since 1927, famous for socca and Provençal classics.
• Restaurant La Merenda – Housed in a former bakery, this tiny eatery offers authentic Niçoise recipes in a rustic setting.
• Café de Turin – A seafood lover’s paradise, serving oysters and shellfish since 1908.

Must-See Sights and Experiences 🌅

• Promenade des Anglais – Stroll the iconic seafront, lined with palm trees and Belle Époque architecture.
• Castle Hill (Colline du Château) – Climb for panoramic views of the city and sea.
• Cours Saleya Market – Browse flowers, produce, and local delicacies in the heart of Old Nice.
• Russian Orthodox Cathedral – Admire the unique domes of this 19th-century landmark.
• Musée Matisse & Musée Marc Chagall – Explore masterpieces by two of the 20th century’s greatest artists.
• Place Masséna – The city’s grand central square, perfect for people-watching.

Nice Today: Riviera Spirit and Timeless Charm 🌞

Nice is now the fifth-largest city in France and a gateway to the French Riviera. Its blend of history, art, food, and Mediterranean lifestyle draws visitors year-round. Whether you’re wandering the Old Town, sampling local specialties, or relaxing by the sea, Nice promises an unforgettable experience.

References

• [Timeline of Nice – Wikipedia]1
• [History of Nice – SeeNice]2
• [Nice – Wikipedia]3
• [Britannica: Nice]4
• [Short History of Nice]5
• [Nice France Tourist Attractions]6
• [Nice and the Belle Epoque]7
• [Seven Must-visit Sights in Nice]8

Nice’s story is one of resilience, reinvention, and Riviera glamour. From ancient Nikaia to the cosmopolitan city of today, its sunlit streets, artistic treasures, and legendary cuisine await your discovery. Bon voyage!

Citations:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Nice
2. https://www.seenice.com/history
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice
4. https://www.britannica.com/place/Nice
5. https://www.nice-tourism.com/en/short-history-of-nice.html
6. https://www.parisinsidersguide.com/nice-france-tourist-attractions.html
7. https://www.explorenicecotedazur.com/en/travel-blog/culture-heritage/nice-and-the-belle-epoque/
8. https://globetrotterkyle.com/nice/